Maintenance of normal blood sugar (glucose) levels is a critical component of health, regardless of one’s age. For the newborn infant, it can be a very serious matter if blood sugar levels are too low. Almost all newborn infants experience a drop in blood sugar levels immediately after birth followed by a rise again within a few hours. This is a normal process of adaptation to life outside the uterus as the infant transitions from continuous trans-placental feeding (through the umbilical cord) to intermittent oral feeding after birth.
For some infants who are at higher risk, this transition may be complicated and result in persistent low blood sugar levels. Infants at risk include those who have gone beyond their due date, are small or large for gestational age, are delivered of diabetic mothers or had stress during or after their birth. Stress may occur due to a variety of conditions including having become too cold after birth.
There are several ways in which a mother can assist her newborn in stabilizing and maintaining normal blood sugar levels. First, if a mother knows her infant will be at higher risk of low blood sugar, she can try to collect any colostrum that might be available in the days before anticipated delivery. Even drops can make a significant difference! A needle-less 1 cc syringe may be used as an easy collection and storage device. The colostrum may be kept refrigerated or frozen, then fed to the infant (in addition to a direct breast feeding) right after birth. Colostrum is the best stabilizer of blood glucose, so baby should be given as much colostrum as is possible. Frequent effective breast feedings thereafter is the key. However, if levels remain low, a supplemental feeding of formula or IV therapy could become necessary.
Another practice known for its benefit in blood glucose stabilization is skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth for at least one hour. This keeps baby toasty warm, (protecting him from cold stress) and facilitates effective breastfeeding right from the start.
Remember that your body is so very capable of taking care of your baby’s needs. Assist your baby as he transitions to life outside your uterus. After all, you are his world!
